Kaeng Krachan Gr

Cenozoic

Cretaceous

Jurassic

Triassic

Permian

Carboniferous

Devonian

Early Paleozoic

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Kaeng Krachan Gr

Period:

Permian

Age Interval:

Lower Permian (3, 4, 5)

Province:
Sibumasu: Lower Peninsula, Sibumasu: Upper Peninsula, Sibumasu: Western Region

Type Locality and Naming

Kaeng Krachan Dam, 36 km west of Thayang district; Khao Phra, Phetchaburi province; and in Eastern side of Phuket province. Proposed by Piyasin (1975), revised by Chaodumrong and others (2004, 2007) and Chaodumrong (2010), Department of Mineral Resources (2007).

Remarks: The Kaeng Krachan Fm (Javanaphet, 1969) was proposed as the upper part of the Tanaosri Group. Piyasin (1975) raised the Kaeng Krachan formation to group status. The Phuket group (Mitchell and others, 1970) is equivalent of the Kaeng Krachan Group; however, the given age (Cambrian-Lower Permian) is now known to be erroneous (Lexicon of Stratigraphic Names of Thailand, 2013).

Subdivisions: Piyasin (1975) proposed 3 formal formations: Huai Phu Noi Fm, Khao Phra Fm and Khao Chao Fm; Raksaskulwong and Wongwanich (1993) revised the group to comprise 4 formations: Khao Wang Kradat Fm, Spillway Fm, Ko He Fm and Khao Phra Fm; Chaodumrong and others (2007) revised the group to consist of 5 formal formations: Laem Mai Phai Fm, Spillway Fm, Ko He Fm, Khao Phra Fm and Khao Chao Fm, and the formations have been used in recent geological maps of the Department of Mineral Resources.

Synonym: กลุม่หินแก่งกระจาน

Lithology and Thickness

Mainly Early Permian siliciclastics with distinct glacial influences. Sequence of thin- to medium-bedded sandstone and mudstone, pebbly rocks, mudstone and quartz-rich sandstone. Thickness: 1,760 m. However, "the great thickness of diamictites which characterize the Upper Peninsula are only a minor lithology in the Lower Peninsula." (Ueno & Charoentitirat, 2011)

[Figure: Geological column of Kaeng Krachan Group and Ratburi Limestone in Phi Phi Island off Krabi, southern Peninsular Thailand. Data mainly from Ejima (2005) with minor modiﬁcation (Ueno & Charoentitirat, 2011).]

Lithology Pattern:

Glacial till

Relationships and Distribution

Lower contact

Khuan Klang Fm / Yaha Fm (unconformable)

Upper contact

Phap Pha Fm of Ratburi Gr (Chaodumrong and others, 2004, 2007) /Ratburi Limestone Fm (Ueno & Charoentitirat, 2011) (conformable)

Regional extent

Western Region and Peninsula. Correlation: Phuket Gr, Mergui Gr of Myanmar, Singa Fm of Malaysia. [GeoJSON is only for Lower Peninsula, because it is split into a series of different formations with changing lithologies in the Upper Peninsula.]

[Figure 1-3: Distribution of Carboniferous–Permian in lower Peninsular, Western region and upper peninsular Thailand, respectively. Data mainly based on 1:1 million scale geological map of Thailand (DMR 1999) with minor modiﬁcations (KKG: Kaeng Krachan Group). (Ueno & Charoentitirat, 2011).]

GeoJSON

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Fossils

Age

Lower Permian: Asselian to Kungurian (Chaodumrong, 2010); but previously assigned to the Upper Devonian to Carboniferous (Piyasin, 1975)

Age Span:

Beginning stage:

Asselian

Fraction up in beginning stage:

0.0

Beginning date (Ma):

298.88

Ending stage:

Kungurian

Fraction up in the ending stage:

0.5

Ending date (Ma):

277.15

Depositional setting

Glacially influenced shallow marine to outer shelf environments.

Depositional pattern:

Additional Information

Compiler:

Wen Du - modified from Katsumi Ueno & Thasinee Charoentitirat, 2011, Chapter 5 Carboniferous and Permian in: Ridd, M.F., Barber, A.J., and Grow, M.J., editors, The Geology of Thailand, Geol. Soc. of London; Lexicon of Stratigraphic Names of Thailand of 2013.